Spain eu4 - So if the OP switches all merchants to steer upstream, that'd be +70% trade power in Sevilla node, boosting his 45% to 58.2%. (45% * 1.7)/ (1+45%*0.7) resulting in 38.1 * 58.2% * 1.38 = 30.6 trade income, lower than his current 35.83 trade income. Switching his collection merchant in Caribbean to steer while keeping Genoa on collect would still ...

 
Beat/ally France early. There no middle ground, it either good ally or your worst enemy. Best-CB Byzantium, vassalize. That will cripple Ottos and gives you opportunity for reconquesta later. Beat England, early too, but not as bad as France. Best-CB TO, TO can form Prussia as vassal.. April holt husband

I guess it depends on your goals. For a WC, Spain has a slight disadvantage in that the ‘sardinia-piedmont detour’ for 5% AE isn’t really practical (spain is an endgame tag, and toothpaste can’t insta-annex aragon iirc) ... Stellaris, Europa Universalis, Imperator: Rome, Crusader Kings, Hearts of Iron, Victoria and Cities: Skylines ...How to conquer the Aztecs as Spain/Castille? gaius valerius. Oct 4, 2013. Jump to latest Follow Reply. Game is mid-16th century and colonisation got me on the footsteps of the Aztec Empire. This gave me the mission "Save …Feb 16, 2024 · Spain can form a personal union over Portugal through the “Portuguese Crown” event between 1550 and 1650, if Spain has a royal marriage with Portugal and the Portuguese opinion of Spain is at least +150. This event is very rare (MTTH is 2000 months). Naples can receive an event that allows it to be in a personal union under France. Apr 28, 2020 · I'm working on planning my next Spanish run in EU4 (I'm fairly new to the game with just over 100 hours so I like easy Spain games) and I'm working on planning out my ideas to unlock. My expansion plans is to mostly stay out of Europe (except to maybe take one or two provinces from France during colonial wars) and just colonize the Americas and ... I'm working on planning my next Spanish run in EU4 (I'm fairly new to the game with just over 100 hours so I like easy Spain games) and I'm working on planning out my ideas to unlock. My expansion plans is to mostly stay out of Europe (except to maybe take one or two provinces from France during colonial wars) and just colonize the …Welcome to our EU4 1.35 series, where we'll be taking on the ambitious task of forming Spain and building a historical Spanish Global Monarchy. Join us on th...Ally all the electors and get as high relations with them as possible. When you become emperor, you will join the HRE. Another solution would be to dismantle the HRE. It can happen that Austria will still be elected despite your alliance with the electors. In that case, you should attack Austria. Hint: check out the “Spanish Netherlands ...A complete and up-to-date searchable list of all EU4 . country tags.All countries in EU4 are identified by a tag. The tag order specifies in what order actions are resolved between tags. For example, if Sweden is moving an army into a province a Danish army is moving away from, and both their movement is set to resolve on the same day, Sweden ... Dip Rep is the biggest thing. Diplo Ideas is good, work on Influence is well. Then look to policies to boost Dip Rep: Diplomatic-Expansion, Quality-Diplomatic, Quantity-Diplomatic, Influence-Humanist. “Trading in Ivory” is +2 Dip Rep, which is easy to get as Spain by colonizing African coast. Use Papal bonus for +1 and use advisor for +1 ... These days Aragon nearly always lets Naples go (correspondingly, Aragon becomes a weaker country). If you have France as an ally, a war (you’ll need a few) with Aragon is pretty straightforward. As the game progresses, you’ll eventually reach sufficient admin tech to get the “form Spain” option. 1. true.Thread starterPavía. Start dateFeb 21, 2023. ¡Hola a todo el mundo, y bienvenidos! In this week’s Development Diary, we will be talking about the content that we have created for Spain and the different Iberian countries, mainly Castile and Aragon, as they are the top runners for its formation. First of all, for the redesign of Spain’s ...Strict-Paper5712. • 3 yr. ago. Personally I'd wait until about 1650 to integrate Portugal. That way you get the MASSIVE administrative efficiency bonus (from absolutism) to your integration speed. This way you end up spending considerably less Diplo points, get more land as they'll have colonized more by then, and integrating will be a lot ...From a mini/maxing POV, Spain is stronger, but IMO just do what you feel is more fun. It's not like Portugal is a weak tag. Reply. BritishGuy911. •. I stayed as Portugal just because I wanted to relize Portuguese dreams of owning all of Africa. Reply More replies. gbraz. •.Jul 13, 2014 · Jul 13, 2014. Jump to latest Follow Reply. Are there any hidden bonuses of forming spain as Portugal? The year is ~1630 and religion is reformed. - I know I keep POR ideas and I like it. Apr 29, 2024 · At least some were last verified for version 1.35. Dutch Revolt. The Dutch people living under the rule of [Root.GetName] have become discontent and seek the creation of an independent state through violent means. The Dutch Revolt [1] is a disaster in the Low Countries region after the Protestant Reformation . The order depends a lot on the game. If you want to go colonial as Castile you should go explo, expansion, religious, Diplo, trade, admin (trust me you don't need a mil idea in singleplayer, it's just a waste) . There are other admin and Diplo idea groups that are just way too important to justify a mil idea. Castile 1.29 Guide by Post. Take everything you know about a chill, peaceful, Castile game, and throw it out the window. Today, we’re gonna be sweating bullets as we do our best to maximize the potential that Castile has as a european and world power. Starting as the 7th rank great power with 270 development and one of the absolute best ...Aragon is a Catholic country that lies along the Iberian shore of the Mediterranean Sea, possessing the islands of the western Mediterranean. They border Castile, Navarra and France and have a personal union over Naples. They, along with Castile, Portugal, and Navarra, can form Spain. Their primary culture is Aragonese (Iberian). I need tips how to form Spain (finally) First advice, swich your EU4 to English ASAP, the German translation is terrible (at least it was when I started). France got Barcelona because they occupied it and you gave it to them. Try to get some strong allies (England and Austria are usually always up to fight the French) and build up your army by ... In Spain and other countries in Europe, rent control has been a favored tool to combat rising rents. But economists largely agree that it doesn't make housing more affordable and a...Download World War Armies on Android / iOS: https://wwc.onelink.me/uDzy/LudietHistoria3006 Install now and receive the rare M8 Greyhound tank immediately...Dec 16, 2021 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Feb 21, 2024 · Great! Castile : gets 50 military power. gains 3000 manpower. Enabled if: Castile had chosen option “ Get support from Portugal ” of the event ‘ Castilian Civil War ’ then: This is an outrage! Pretender rebels (size 1) (friendly to Aragon) rise in revolt in a random own province that is not the capital province. Navarra is a one-province nation in northern Iberia. It is the only Basque nation in the game and starts off with the same dynasty as Aragon and Castile, either of whom usually vassalize Navarra. Navarra is the only country that can form both France and Spain without culture shifting. Historically most of Navarra was incorporated into Spain …Orthodox Castile Before 1500. Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Going for one faith again and wanted to be orthodox Castile since it has the second most missionaries possible behind orthodox Najd. Because rebels now only convert if their religion has the plurality of development and autonomy doesn't matter ... Use my link and get EU4 Domination for yourself - https://www.nexus.gg/ludiethistoria/europa-universalis-iv/europa-universalis-iv-dominationThis video was sp... Thread starterPavía. Start dateFeb 21, 2023. ¡Hola a todo el mundo, y bienvenidos! In this week’s Development Diary, we will be talking about the content that we have created for Spain and the different Iberian countries, mainly Castile and Aragon, as they are the top runners for its formation. First of all, for the redesign of Spain’s ...This article is timeless and should be accurate for any version of the game. EU4 Beginner Tutorial #1 - The Basics. A complete beginner tutorial with MordredViking looking at the absolute basics like what to think about when picking your country and have a look at the UI. Europa Universalis IV can seem overwhelming for new players.Italian Ambition. If both Spain and France own provinces in Italy between 1490 and 1590, they can claim each other's lands, reflecting the Italian Wars that consumed the attention of these two rivals in this period. This event type will lead to worsened relations between the nations and a greater likelihood of war.Eat Portugal at some point and take over their CN before and reform into Spain and get Empire rank. Either you keep France (high trust) and go full blobbing over Italy or you kill France and get Austria or PLC as best friends. Reply. Qteling Map Staring Expert • 7 yr. ago. Castile =/= Spain.A complete and up-to-date searchable list of all EU4 . country tags.All countries in EU4 are identified by a tag. The tag order specifies in what order actions are resolved between tags. For example, if Sweden is moving an army into a province a Danish army is moving away from, and both their movement is set to resolve on the same day, Sweden ...Welcome to our EU4 1.35 series, where we'll be taking on the ambitious task of forming Spain and building a historical Spanish Global Monarchy. Join us on th...The Spanish mission "Refine the Tercio" is not working.The only requirement I miss is the "have at least 60 tercio". I have a huge army withover 300k infantry regiment, not tercio infantry though since I have MIL tech lvl 23.This is the 80 years war start date. I think because Spain was never "formed" (ie, it existed in this start date) the cores of both Aragon AND Castile remained. AI decided to release Castile, but since their capital was in Madrid they kept it. Reply reply. averypuncheableface.The Spanish mission "Refine the Tercio" is not working.The only requirement I miss is the "have at least 60 tercio". I have a huge army withover 300k infantry regiment, not tercio infantry though since I have MIL tech lvl 23.Are you considering investing in a property in Spain? Whether you are looking for a vacation home, a retirement destination, or a real estate investment opportunity, Spain offers a...Spain is a popular destination for individuals looking to invest in real estate. With its sunny climate, vibrant culture, and beautiful landscapes, it’s no wonder that many people ...Apr 25, 2024 · Catalonia is a nation in Iberia. It does not exist in any start date, but can be released by separatist rebels, as part of a war settlement or peacefully as a vassal. Their primary culture is Catalan (Iberian) and the nation has cores on all provinces with this culture (Roussillon (197), Girona (212), Barcelona (213), Urgell, (2987), València ... An EU4 Castile Guide focusing on your Starting Moves, explaining in detail how to get Aragon in a PU from the Iberian Wedding, as well as how to manage your ...Historically, it was five powerful western European nations that worked to create vast and profitable empires overseas: Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands even if many other nations also had colonies overseas. In EU4 however, any nation can create a vast colonial empire with proper planning.Historically, it was five powerful western European nations that worked to create vast and profitable empires overseas: Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands even if many other nations also had colonies overseas. In EU4 however, any nation can create a vast colonial empire with proper planning.8. Effective-Enough. • 4 yr. ago. Well as a main Castile player my answer may vary. I prefer expansion over admin. I would play with territories rather than states. My idea group: Innovative, expansion, religious,diplo, humanist, offensive. 1. true.Well, you can probably kick Granada, Morocco, Aragon, and a whole slew of Italian minors out of Spain. After that, you can go to town. It will probably take a bunch of wars but if you guarantee the nations you kick out of …The Spanish mission "Refine the Tercio" is not working.The only requirement I miss is the "have at least 60 tercio". I have a huge army withover 300k infantry regiment, not tercio infantry though since I have MIL tech lvl 23.We are back in EU4! Going to try a nation I have never played as before, Spain. With the recent (unannounced) announcement of Europa Universalis 5, and the T...Lol Does Spain get a pu on France... They removed it I think, since Big boss wanted to make a more enjoyable revolutionary france. I get the concept, and I remember when I once tried to go revolutionary before, but I was like "meh" since with Spain I was already the big number one. Yes. Because the wiki mission tree is incomplete/not easy to ...Europa Universalis IV 81958 EUIV: Bug Reports 522 EUIV: Suggestions 19162 EUIV: Technical Support 6731 EUIV: FAQ & Strategy Guides 235 EUIV: AAR's, Let's Plays, and Fan Fiction EU IV: Alternate History Short Story Contest Contr 29In my Portugal game, Spain only managed to form in 1620 after Aragon conquered Castille following a dozen wars. There is now almost nowhere left for it to colonize. Spain also owns all of Italy. France, on the other hand, has borders that are pretty historical. The biggest blob is Poland...Historically, it was five powerful western European nations that worked to create vast and profitable empires overseas: Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands even if many other nations also had colonies overseas. In EU4 however, any nation can create a vast colonial empire with proper planning.Jan 1, 2021 ... Why have a golden century when you can have a golden eternity? It's time for a Spanish world order! (or Holy Roman one, we'll see) Discord: ...Historically, it was five powerful western European nations that worked to create vast and profitable empires overseas: Spain, Portugal, France, Great Britain, and the Netherlands even if many other nations also had colonies overseas. In EU4 however, any nation can create a vast colonial empire with proper planning.Spain did not as far as I know get a military or manpower buff from the colonies, it was a drain on the military resources in exchange for other resources. Colonization is too easy compared to our history. In early 17th century the new world is almost if not completely colonized. IRL it was 1750-ish.France lost the Personal Union on Spain and the Subjugation of PLC. In this patch, France became able to conquer north italia "for free" by feeding it all to a papal ally and making him a march before he gets coalitionned to death, this can be done quite easily before 1480. France also obtained a new CB to conquer the HRE and a shortcut to the ...Spain has a strong fleet, and a strong army. With a little luck you can take England for your own. Begin watching them once the game starts, right after the 100 years war, if they prolong it by fighting the French as they often do, they'll be left with a …It could be argued that these decrees could in EU4 game terms be represented as Castile "integrating" Aragon and "tag-switching" to Spain. It is absolutely baffling how the documents that ended the separate legal identity of the kingdoms are a "Castilian" and not a "Spanish" idea. This is obviously not a point relating to gameplayApr 29, 2024 · At least some were last verified for version 1.35. Dutch Revolt. The Dutch people living under the rule of [Root.GetName] have become discontent and seek the creation of an independent state through violent means. The Dutch Revolt [1] is a disaster in the Low Countries region after the Protestant Reformation . The command to play as Spain in EU4 is: tag SPA. The command to kill the ruler of Spain is: kill SPA. The cheat to add Spain to your country's interest is: add_interest SPA. The country tag for Spain in Europa Universalis IV. This can be …There are three primary tags to form Spain; Castile, Aragon and Portugal. I think that the best tag from three is Castile. Aragon is better to seek a roman restoration run and …Austria has SO many claims, so let's try another World Conquest in EU4! Like & Subscribe for more: https://goo.gl/6WQQPZCooking: https://www.youtube.com/chan...Spain go all in on colonisation and often end up with all of Portugal's stuff too. Previously CNs just gave +10 force limit, a nice boost but not really game changing. Now they give a % boost to both force limit and manpower, combine that with Spain's usually high trade income and they can easily have a huge army.The Path to Citizenship. −25% Core-creation cost. Ambition: +20% Fort defense. For the region, see Italy (region). Italy is one of the formable countries that can be formed by any country with a Latin culture group. Unlike other Catholic countries, Italy does not get a penalty for owning the province of Roma or being the overlord of The Papal ...They dont have all the fancy PUs that spain has but other than that they are much better. Spain has a better mission tree but Andalusia has slightly better ideas (imo) and gets to be Muslim, which I personally prefer to Catholic mechanics. The mission tree from Spain probably makes it more powerful overall, though.It could be argued that these decrees could in EU4 game terms be represented as Castile "integrating" Aragon and "tag-switching" to Spain. It is absolutely baffling how the documents that ended the separate legal identity of the kingdoms are a "Castilian" and not a "Spanish" idea. This is obviously not a point relating to gameplay Gain a level 1 Inquisitor (2% missionary strength) who is 50% cheaper to employ. In addition, the Granadan provinces gain some unrest, tax, and manpower reduction. Gain 1 stability and +1 tolerance of Heathens until your ruler's death. For this event it is always better to take option 1. Spanish ideas don't even have a global settler increase modifier and historically they were one of the biggest colonizing forces that have ever existed. Castile has better diplomatic reputation,a nice 10 % bonus production efficiency and an incredible +25 global settler increase. Spain on the other hand has bonus yearly papal influence, an ...Mexico is the easiest to build up. "Build a Mexican colonial nation in the northeast corner of Mexico then begin conquering each nation one at a time. Once a nation is conquered it is added to the colonial nation." Mexico and Peru have the largest treasure fleets plus ad coco to your trade network.With its glorious climate and thousands of years of history and culture, Spain is a dream European travel destination for many. In a country blessed with vast landscapes, a world-f...In this video titled EU4 1.35 Castile Guide - THIS Is The NEW PERSONAL UNION MASTER I make an EU4 Guide for Castile for Europa Universalis 4 1.35 Domination....In this video, we'll be talking about Spain's new colonial meta in EU4 1.35. Spain has been expanding its empire in recent years, and this new colonial meta ...Game based on history. Spain between 1492 and 1588, if not a superpower, was close to it. EU4 represents this golden age of Spain's history pretty well. Even after 1588, Spain remained a major player for many, many years.Italian Ambition. If both Spain and France own provinces in Italy between 1490 and 1590, they can claim each other's lands, reflecting the Italian Wars that consumed the attention of these two rivals in this period. This event type will lead to worsened relations between the nations and a greater likelihood of war.Spain go all in on colonisation and often end up with all of Portugal's stuff too. Previously CNs just gave +10 force limit, a nice boost but not really game changing. Now they give a % boost to both force limit and manpower, combine that with Spain's usually high trade income and they can easily have a huge army.Western tech group, whopping +20% morale bonus and +5% discipline in national ideas. France can colonize to funnel the new world trade into Bordeaux. France begins the game in a much stronger position than most of the other nations on this list. Spain. A +15% morale bonus and +1 Artillery fire bonus, and in prime position to get a head start on ...Let's play Europa Universalis IV (EU4)! We will be playing as Castile into Spain in Beyond Typus (BT for short), a HUGE overhaul mod that adds tons and tons ...Spain did not as far as I know get a military or manpower buff from the colonies, it was a drain on the military resources in exchange for other resources. Colonization is too easy compared to our history. In early 17th century the new world is almost if not completely colonized. IRL it was 1750-ish.Apr 25, 2024 · The papacy also gives you an easy inflation reduction mechanic, and if you decide to form Spain via the decision, you need to be Catholic to take full advantage of Spain’s ideas. That said, going Protestant does have advantages for a colonizer, they get a +15 settler bonus which your colonies will have as well, making them much faster early on. Europa Universalis 4 Wiki Active Wikis. Age of Wonders 4 Empire of Sin Cities: Skylines 2 Crusader Kings 3 Europa Universalis 4 Hearts of Iron 4 Hunter: The Reckoning Imperator: Rome Millennia Prison Architect Stellaris Surviving Mars Surviving the Aftermath Werewolf: the Apocalypse Vampire: The Masquerade Victoria 3.At least some were last verified for version 1.35. Dutch Revolt. The Dutch people living under the rule of [Root.GetName] have become discontent and seek the creation of an independent state through violent means. The Dutch Revolt [1] is a disaster in the Low Countries region after the Protestant Reformation .Europa Universalis 4 Wiki. Active Wikis. Age of Wonders 4 Empire of Sin Cities: Skylines 2 Crusader Kings 3 Europa Universalis 4 Hearts of Iron 4 Hunter: ... Global expansion in newly discovered areas and the establishment of colonies is transforming Spain into one of the most powerful and wealthiest nations of our time. Spanish …Spain has a total of 44 cities with at least six major cities that house over 500,000 residents each. Barcelona and Madrid are the two largest cities. Madrid has a population of 3....Castile/Spain doesn't get any special preference in the new Burgundian Inheritance event, only France and the HRE Emperor. You can still get it through the royal marriage chance though, although it is a bit difficult because you need Burgundy to hate both France and the Emperor.At least some were last verified for version 1.35. Dutch Revolt. The Dutch people living under the rule of [Root.GetName] have become discontent and seek the creation of an independent state through violent means. The Dutch Revolt [1] is a disaster in the Low Countries region after the Protestant Reformation .Jul 9, 2023 · In the game Europa Universalis IV, I am playing as Castile in the 15th century, and I'm trying to survive the civil wars that plague the country! Let's split in different categories: Militarily Spain is clearly way better. Artillery fire, discipline, heavy ships combat ability, +1 admiral maneuver (which is the best pips for admirals) and increased fleet size. Spain is ranked in the top 5 of best military focused nations in the game by Zlewwik. Castile is good militarily in the early ...The Many Thrones of the Plantagenet. +50% Chance of new heir. −10 Years for personal union integration. Reformed Angevin Infantry. +10% Infantry combat ability. The Seneschal of France. +15% Governing capacity modifier. Rule of …Europa Universalis IV 81944 EUIV: Bug Reports 492 EUIV: Suggestions 19158 EUIV: Technical Support 6729 EUIV: FAQ & Strategy Guides 235 EUIV: AAR's, Let's Plays, and Fan Fiction EU IV: Alternate History Short Story Contest Contr 29

RELATED: Europa Universalis 4: Best Mods. One of these is the Iberian Wedding. Also known as the Iberian Union, this was the historic dynastic union between the kingdoms of Spain and Aragon which saw the entire …. Rose are red violets are blue poems dirty

spain eu4

Jul 13, 2014. Jump to latest Follow Reply. Are there any hidden bonuses of forming spain as Portugal? The year is ~1630 and religion is reformed. - I know I keep POR ideas and I like it.The command to play as Spain in EU4 is: tag SPA. The command to kill the ruler of Spain is: kill SPA. The cheat to add Spain to your country's interest is: add_interest SPA. The country tag for Spain in Europa Universalis IV. This can be …Europa Universalis IV 81925 EUIV: Bug Reports 463 EUIV: Suggestions 19155 EUIV: Technical Support 6726 EUIV: FAQ & Strategy Guides 235 EUIV: AAR's, Let's Plays, and Fan Fiction EU IV: Alternate History Short Story Contest Contr 29Facts about Castile. Castile is one of the most powerful nations in EU4, not the best for WC but a very heavy hitting country. When they form Spain they have a balanced set of NI: Very good military ideas, +15% morale, +5% discipline, +1 artillery fire are among the best of the major powers. Very good naval ideas, +25% naval limit, +10% heavy ...This is the 80 years war start date. I think because Spain was never "formed" (ie, it existed in this start date) the cores of both Aragon AND Castile remained. AI decided to release Castile, but since their capital was in Madrid they kept it. Reply reply. averypuncheableface.The ToT is stupid, but Spain is in a position to either beat everyone else to every CN area or just slap Portugal once they get close to five provinces. Reply reply More posts you may like r/eu4. r/eu4. A place to share content, ask questions and/or talk about the grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV by Paradox Development Studio ...Keep truce with Papal state if AE is too high and get their trade. Become DoF to not get excommunicated. If you 50%+ trade power in genoa, put your home node there and steer everything into it. Tunis/Mamluks/Morocco: All three countries block trade into Genoa so these are lucrative targets (in contrast to france).zincpl. • 4 yr. ago. as aragon to get the spanish missions you'll have to culture convert to an iberian culture other than aragonese or catalan. with naples, if you play as castile you can improve relations from the start with them. If aragon's king doesn't die too early, as soon as he does, you can then royal marry, claim throne and declare ...These are the top 28 activities to do and see when visiting Madrid, as well as tips and tricks to have a great trip to the Spanish capital. We may be compensated when you click on ...Pretty sure you can form Spain as Aragon, unless paradox decided to change the requirements. Either. Integrate Portugal first. Culture shift to Portuguese. Form Spain. Or your Moroccan plan. Both of them have pros and cons. The Portuguese plan is safe and slow, but forces you to stay on a few states / recore a ton of states revoking states to ...Europa Universalis IV > Guides > Crusader's Guides . 33 ratings. A Basic Guide to Colonization. By Crusader. EU4 is probably one of the most complex games to play. ... (Spain, Portugal, England, France). Colonization is easy, and the best way to expand and gain wealth outside of Europe. First make sure you've taken Exploration Ideas.Europa Universalis IV (abbreviated EU4 or EUIV) is a grand strategy computer game created by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive. It was released for the PC on Windows, OS X, and Linux on 13 August 2013. ... Spain: strategic possibilities, events, missions, decisions, and national ideas; plus …Take a full state of some high dev one culture provinces (e.g. Liguria is nice). Core it and culture shift to that culture (this will almost certainly require de-stating a bunch of land). Declare war on a neighbor (e.g. Portugal), get a 100% win. Force them to take your capital.In today's Europa Universalis IV (EU4) video we will be reviewing the February 14th development diary for the 1.35 patch and the coming DLC. This dev diary f...By the way yes, it worths forming Spain as Aragon, Spanish ideas are superior by far. You can start as Aragon and if you are lucky Iberian Wedding will happen after Castile reach admin level 5 and take Exploration. It means that you can take Africa and Europe and Castile will do homework in New World. Then you form Spain..

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